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Did Jesus Violently Clear the Temple in Jerusalem?

Many non-pacifist Christians refer to Jesus’ actions at the temple in Jerusalem to justify violence towards a righteous end. An account of this event is found in all four Gospels, with the most extensive account being found in the book of John:

John 2:13-16: When it was almost time for the Jewish Passover, Jesus went up to Jerusalem. In the temple courts he found men selling cattle, sheep and doves, and others sitting at tables exchanging money. So he made a whip out of cords, and drove them all out of the temple, both sheep and cattle; he scattered the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables. To those who sold doves he said, "Get these out of here! How dare you turn my Father's house into a market!"

It must first be noted that the original Greek term “ekballo,” which is translated above as “drove out,” does not indicate that physical force was used. The term is translated “send forth” (in the KJV) in the following verses (all examples of nonviolent situations):

  • Luke 10:2, referring to the sending out of laborers into the harvest field;
  • Mark 1:43, describing how the man with leprosy left Jesus;
  • Luke 10:35, when the Samaritan took out money to pay the innkeeper;
  • Matthew 9:25, referring to the crowd leaving the room so that Jesus could attend to Jairus' daughter; and
  • Acts 9:40, illustrating how Peter sent friends out of a room.

Whether or not “ekballo” was used to indicate physical force is beside the point, however, because the passage does not indicate that the whip was used on any person. Jesus "drove them all out of the temple, both sheep and cattle." The whip was a herdsman’s instrument, used to shepherd the animals out of the temple. The whip, or what might be called the “weapon” if it had been used against the people, was of such little importance to the detailing of the event that of the four accounts, only the book of John even mentions it. Instead of justifying violence, Jesus provided an example of how people can assertively express their anger without doing physical harm to any person.

Written by Matthew J. Truitt, Harmless As Doves Ministries


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